Semantic 3D City Modeling and BIM

Abstract Semantic 3D city modeling and building information (BIM) are methods for modeling, creating, analyzing three-dimensional representations of physical objects the environment. Digital built environment has been approached from at least four different domains: computer graphics gaming, planning construction, urban simulation, geomatics. This chapter introduces similarities differences models these disciplines with regard to aspects like scale, level detail, representation spatial semantic characteristics, appearance. Exemplified by international standards CityGML Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), BIM their corresponding approaches explored, relationships between them discussed. Based on use cases infrastructure planning, integrating BIM, such as transformation IFC, described. Furthermore, role recent developments in informatics, smart cities digital twins, is investigated illustrated real-world examples.